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Electronics For You February 2025 Issue Vol. 57 No. 2 Technology TRENDS: Do Not Be Fooled By AI Hallucinations All AI models, especially large language models (LLMs), are prone to hallucinating—that is, they sometimes give wrong or fictitious responses that appear correct. Experts recommend providing unambiguous prompts and cross-checking responses before making decisions based on them.
Technology TRENDS: How Graphene Is Changing Industries Graphene is reshaping industries—extending the electric vehicle range, cutting data centre energy costs, and sparking quantum tech innovations. This article is based on EFY’s Ashwini Kumar Sinha and Nidhi Agarwal’s conversation with John Tingay of Paragraf to discuss the science driving this shift.	Technology MANUFACTURING: Harnessing Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) Technologies For PCBA Manufacturing Your smartphone detects defects smaller than a virus using AOI, laser, and X-ray systems. These machines don’t just see—they think. These innovations, from AI-driven defect detection to Nano-CT systems revealing hidden flaws, reshape quality control in electronics manufacturing.

Technology FUTURE: eBeam Lithography: A Breakthrough For Compound Semiconductor Fabrication eBeam technology catalyses innovation across industries, from driving efficient EVs to advancing quantum computing. Its integration marks a transformative leap in precision manufacturing.	Technology INNOVATION: Exploring ITAD Technology: The 3D Touch Experience ITAD technology is reshaping how we experience digital content, where touchscreens respond with depth and sensation, blending physical and virtual experiences.

Technology INTERVIEW: “Li-Fi Works Despite Typical Jammers!” — Deepak Solanki, Founder And CEO, Velmenni Why is an Indian startup working on cutting-edge tech like Li-Fi? What advantages does Li-Fi hold over Wi-Fi? Who should invest in Li-Fi? EFY’s Nitisha Dubey managed to speak to Deepak Solanki, Founder and CEO of Velmenni, to explore these questions and more...	Moves INTERVIEW: “Many Companies Avoid Pack Testing And Validation Because It Is Time-Consuming” — Akshay Kashyap, Managing Director, Greenfuel Energy Battery pack reliability goes beyond cell quality—it relies on precise engineering, thorough testing, and tailored thermal management. In a conversation with EFY’s Nitisha Dubey, Akshay Kashyap of Greenfuel Energy discusses whether the industry will prioritise safety and innovation or compromise quality for cost.

Strategy INTERVIEW: “Acquisitions That Help Address Gaps In Our Design Capabilities….. Interest Us” — Shrinivas Kulkarni, CFO, Cyient DLM Over the past five years, Cyient DLM (formerly Rangsons Electronics), a subsidiary of Cyient Limited, has rapidly expanded its footprint in the design-led manufacturing industry through strategic acquisitions. EFY’s Yashasvini Razdan interviewed Cyient’s CFO, Shrinivas Kulkarni, to explore the company’s inorganic growth strategy amidst shifting market dynamics over the past six months.	Strategy INTERVIEW: “To Compensate For Telangana’s Lack Of A Wet Port, Our Incentives Help ESDM And Semiconductor Companies Offset Logistics Expenses...” — Jayesh Ranjan, IAS, Special Secretary, Department Of Industries And Commerce And ITE&C, Government Of Telangana Despite logistics challenges, how is Telangana securing billion-dollar investments in electronics? Will the state unveil a new semiconductor policy soon? Jayesh Ranjan, IAS, from Telangana’s IT and Commerce Department and ITE&C, shares his insights with EFY’s Nijhum Rudra.

Design CIRCUIT: Interesting Reference Designs Of MPPT Solar Charger	Design SYSTEMS: Python: How It Helps Run IoT Devices Python’s strength lies in its English-like syntax, the nimble MicroPython, and an extensive library of modules. It’s a great tool for prototyping, developing, and operating various IoT devices.

Design CIRCUITS: Digital Power Supply Design Using A Microcontroller As power demands rise, digital power supplies provide a forward-thinking solution, optimising efficiency and reducing component complexity through digital control.	Do-It-Yourself CIRCUIT IDEA: Light-Operated Appliance Switch Automation is now integral to daily life, with mobile phones serving as essential tools. This device employs a mobile phone torch to control domestic appliances, exemplifying an efficient light-operated switch. By responding to light intensity, it activates or deactivates appliances with ease.

Do-It-Yourself PROJECT: Fastest Finger First With Arduino Mega And P10 Display Fastest finger first indicators (FFFIs) bring precision to quiz games, measuring contestants’ reaction times with accuracy. Supporting up to eight teams, the system identifies the first to press their button while locking out others. A P10 LED display module highlights the winning team in real time.	Do-It-Yourself PROJECT: Edge Gesture Prediction Using Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence for gesture detection and classification has transformative potential across industries, from healthcare to manufacturing and consumer devices. It enables tasks like motion tracking in smartwatches, anomaly detection in machinery, and vehicle predictive analysis. Implementing AI on compact devices like the IndusBoard Coin—a 3cm innovation with built-in sensors—demonstrates how these capabilities can be brought to edge devices with limited resources.

Do-It-Yourself CIRCUIT IDEA: Function Generator Using ICL8038 A function generator produces square, sine, and triangular waveforms across frequencies up to 100kHz. It plays a vital role in testing, repairing, and developing electronic equipment, serving as a signal source for amplifier testing and frequency response analysis. At its core, an oscillator generates sine, square, or triangular waves, which are transformed into other waveforms through wave-shaping circuits.	Do-It-Yourself PROJECT: Human Safety Device To Monitor Kids, Elderly, And Sick This human safety device offers a compact, reliable solution for detecting, monitoring, and responding to emergencies involving vulnerable individuals. Built using an IndusBoard Coin, it addresses the urgent need for immediate assistance, particularly for the elderly, children, and those with medical conditions.

Do-It-Yourself PROJECT: Automatic Water Level Indicator Cum Controller Water storage often presents challenges such as monitoring tank levels, preventing overflow, and reducing manual intervention to operate the pump. To address these issues, two types of devices, known as water level indicators and water level controllers, have been developed.	Regulars Dashboard: Key Industry Trends That Can Shape The Future Of Your Business

Regulars Startups & Innovators • Kazam Simplifies EV Charging With Innovative Hardware And Software Solutions For All • Marut Drone-Powered Solutions For Agricultural Intelligence And Automation • Innovative Drone Technologies From IG Drones Driving Efficiency Across Sectors	Regulars Truly Innovative Electronics • World’s smallest, fastest, and longest-range Wi-Fi chip • Self-charging battery for IoT devices • AI chips for robots, AI boxes, and city security • Industry’s first single-chip 60GHz mmWave radar sensor • World’s smallest integrated speaker-microphone

Regulars New Products • Components • Embedded • Manufacturing Equipment • Test & Measurement • Automation • MOVES	Regulars Research & Innovation Updates • AI-enhanced OTC hearing aids • AI-driven design of advanced wireless chips • A robotic hand that can mimic human hand movements • Fluorinated graphene for optoelectronics and energy • Quantum simulation of molecular electron transfer

Regulars Industry News: Industry Updates • Finance Ministry greenlights Rs 250 billion incentive scheme for electronic components • IndiaAI Mission advances as government moves to acquire 10,000 GPUs • India’s smartphone exports hit Rs 203 billion before the end of 2024 • India adjusts electronics import figures, reflecting a $2.7 billion drop • India’s 2025 laptop import policy eases, with 5% annual reduction	Regulars Electroons 2.0 Some stunning cartoons!

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February 2025

Issue Vol. 57 No. 2